韩国刑事司法改革新动向

New Trends in Criminal Justice Reform of South Korea

2022年韩国国会先后通过《检察厅法》修正案和《刑事诉讼法》修正案,推行刑事司法改革。韩国本次刑事司法改革意在实行“侦诉分离”的诉讼模式,终结韩国长期奉行的检察机关独享侦查权和起诉权的历史。改革的主要内容包含以下五个方面:大幅削减检察机关的直接侦查权;限制检察官对警方的侦查指挥权;设立高级公职者犯罪调查处;赋予警方侦查终结权;检察官所制作的讯问笔录的证据能力受到限制。同时,韩国司法改革的实践经验为我国刑事司法提供如下启示:在国家机关权力配置时应避免权力垄断性机构的产生,变“侦查中心主义”为“审判中心主义”;进一步贯彻人权保障的司法理念。

In 2022,the Korean National Assembly advanced criminal justice reform after passing amendments to the Public Prosecutors Office Act and the Criminal Procedure Act.The criminal justice reform aims to implement the litigation model of “separating investigation from prosecution” model and end the long-standing history of exclusive investigative and prosecutorial powers of prosecutors in Korea.The reform includes five main elements as follows:drastically reducing the direct investigative power of the prosecutors;limiting the investigative command of the prosecutors over the police;establishing the Senior Public Officials Crime Investigation Division;granting the police final investigative power;and limiting the evidentiary capacity of interrogation transcripts produced by prosecutors.At the same time,the practical experience of Korea’s judicial reform provides the following inspiration for China’s criminal justice:the allocation of power in state organs should avoid the creation of monopolistic institutions,change the “investigation-centrism” to “trial-centrism”;further implement the judicial concept of human rights protection.