基于微气候舒适度的公园休憩空间景观优化

Landscape Optimization for Park Leisure Space Based on Microclimate Comfort

研究具有高温高湿气候特点的夏季城市公园植物景观对座椅休憩空间微气候的调节作用,对改善城市公共空间环境品质、提高公共空间使用率具有重要意义。对深圳荔香公园内的65个座椅空间进行气象因子数据采集、植物景观特征量化测量,以及对使用者进行问卷调查,旨在探寻人体舒适度与植物景观特征之间的相关性。结果表明:1)当人体舒适度WBGT<33℃时,使用者体感舒适;2)与人体舒适度WBGT值显著相关的景观特征因子有6个,即乔木覆盖率(75%~90%最佳)、灌木面积(3.56~18.46 m^(2)最佳)、围合度(16.5%~62.15%最佳)、乔木枝下高(1.83~9.36 m最佳)、灌木高度(0.3~1.25 m最佳)、乔木高度(4.35~7 m最佳)。基于研究结果,建议通过综合考虑景观特征、梳理植物配置、优化植物品种、完善辅助设施等手段提升座椅休息空间舒适度。

The study of the regulating effect of park plant landscape on the microclimate of seating space in summers with high temperature and high humidity is of great significance for the improvement of environmental quality of urban public space and the increase in the utilization rate of public spaces.Data on meteorological factors are collected at 65 seating spaces in Shenzhen Lixiang Park,and quantitative measurement of plant landscape characteristics and the questionnaire survey among visitors are conducted to discuss the correlation between human comfort and plant landscape characteristics.It was concluded that when the human comfort degree(WBGT)is less than 33℃,the visitors feel comfortable.There are six WBGT value related landscape characteristic factors that affect the seating space microclimate comfort.The best human comfort can be achieved when the tree coverage is 75%-90%,the shrub area 3.56-18.46 m^(2),the enclosure 16.5%-62.15%,the tree branch height 1.83-9.36 m,the shrub height 0.3-1.25 m,and the tree height 4.35-7 m.It is suggested that the comfort of seating spaces could be improved through comprehensive consideration of landscape characteristics,better setting of plant configuration,optimization of plant varieties,and auxiliary facilities improvement.