重庆市中心城区绿地空间公平性分析

Equity Analysis of Urban Green Space in Chongqing Core City

新型城镇化背景下,城市由增量发展转为存量提质。绿地空间公平性对于城市品质及居民游憩需求有着重要影响。以重庆市中心城区为研究对象,创新性地采用基尼系数、区位熵与高斯两步位移搜索法多技术相结合的研究方法,从多维度直观地评价重庆市中心城区各街道、各类城市绿地的公平性。结果显示:1)除小区绿地外,其余绿地类型的基尼系数均大于0.6,分配差异悬殊;2)社区公园具有最多的绿地服务盲区,街道占比为8%,街旁绿地的可达性为0.11,数值最低;3)绿地可达性区位熵在0.5~0.75的街道覆盖了53%的人口,整体供给不足;4)供给饱和的街道位于外围区域,供给不足的街道位于中心区域以及北部新城区域。因此,重庆市中心城区绿地空间公平性仍有较大提升空间,亟需对绿地布局进行合理调控。

In the context of the new-style urbanization, cities have changed its development path from incremental growth to quality improvement. The equity of green space has an important impact on urban quality and residents’ recreational needs. Taking the core city of Chongqing as the research object, the paper innovatively uses the research method of Gini coefficient, location entropy and G2 SFCA to intuitively evaluate the equity of various streets and urban green spaces from multiple dimensions. The results show that: 1) Except for green spaces in residential community, the Gini coefficient of green spaces is greater than 0.6, resulting in great disparity in distribution;2) Community parks have the largest service blind areas in their green spaces, with streets accounting for 8%, and roadside green space accessibility at 0.11, the lowest value;3) The streets whose green space accessibility location entropy fall between 0.5 and 0.75 cover 53% of the population, and the overall supply is insufficient;and 4) The streets with saturated supply are located in the peripheral area, while the streets with insufficient supply are located in the central area and the northern new city area. In this sense, there is still much room to improve the equity of green space in the core city of Chongqing, and it is urgent to reasonably adjust the layout of green spaces.