不同闽系列油茶无性系在闽西的生长结实表现

The growth trait and fruit yield of different Min series Camellia oleifera clones planted in western Fujian

连续3a对9个闽系列油茶无性系在福建闽西红壤区的生长结实表现进行了调查测定。结果表明:不同油茶无性系的生长结实等重要经济性状均有较大差异,其中闽50、闽49和对照闽43优良无性系表现较优,年均单株产果4.32~5.89 kg,冠幅产果1.58~2.11 kg·m-2,单果质量18.85~29.48 g,鲜出籽率34.25%~46.82%,干出籽率20.19%~23.26%,种仁含油率43.78%~45.90%,果油率5.85%~6.26%,折算年均产油570.3~793.8 kg·hm-2,比油茶优良无性系标准(产油450 kg·hm)增产26.73%~76.42%,适宜在闽西山地种植。

The growth and fruiting of 9 Min series of Camellia oleifera clones in red soil region of western Fujian province were investigated for 3consecutive years. Results showed that the important economic traits such as growth and fruiting of different clones were significantly different.The clones of Min 50, Min 49 and Min 43 performed better in fruiting and had better fruit characters. Their average fruit yield per tree were 4.32to 5.89 kg, and the fruit yield of unit crown area per year was 1.58 ~ 2.11 kg·m-2. Besides, the weight of single fruit, fresh seed ratio of fruit, dry seed ratio of fruit, oil content in kernel, oil content of fresh fruit ranged from 18.85 ~ 29.48 g, 34.25% ~ 46.82%, 20.19% ~ 23.26%, 43.78% ~45.90%, 5.85% ~ 6.26%, respectively. The calculated annual oil yield of Min 50, Min 49 and Min 43 can reach to 570.3 ~ 739.8 kg·hm, which was 26.73% ~ 76.42% higher than the standard yield(450 kg·hm) of selecting and breeding of superior clones C. oleifera. Consequently, Min50, Min 49 and Min 43 were all appropriate C. oleifera clones for popularizing and planting in the mountainous area of western Fujian.