全空间立体防控冲击地压技术与应用

Technology and application of full-space three-dimensional prevention and control of rock burst

以彬长矿区侏罗系18~26m特厚煤层放顶煤开采为工程背景,在孟村矿401102工作面创新应用全空间立体防控冲击地压技术。通过地面压裂对中位关键层坚硬顶板实施压裂改造,井下顶板深孔预裂爆破对低位关键层坚硬顶板进行处理,降低岩层的整体性及其破断强度;同时结合煤层大直径钻孔卸压,达到防控冲击地压的目的。地面压裂技术对坚硬岩层弱化改性,使得集中应力和能量转移释放,变冲击矿井为不冲击矿井,从源头上消除(减小)冲击地压危险性。为实现冲击地压由井下防御治理到地面源头消冲的突破提供了技术支撑,开辟了冲击地压防治的新途径,为解决类似由上覆关键岩层失稳引起的冲击地压灾害控制提供借鉴。

Taking the top coal caving mining of Jurassic 18~26 m extra-thick coal seam in Binchang mining area as the engineering background,the full-space three-dimensional prevention and control of rock burst technology was innovatively applied in the 401102 working face of Mengcun Mine.Through ground fracturing,the hard roof of the middle key layer was fractured and the deep hole pre-splitting blasting of the underground roof was used to treat the hard roof of the low key layer to reduce the integrity of the rock formation and its breaking strength;at the same time,combined with the large-diameter drilling pressure relief of the coal seam to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling rock burst.The surface fracturing technology weakens and modifies the hard rock formations,so that the concentrated stress and energy transfer and release,change the impact of the mine into non-impact,eliminate(reduce)the risk of rock burst from the source.It provides technical support for the breakthrough of rock burst from underground defense control to ground source shock elimination,opens up a new way to prevent and control rock burst,and provides a reference for solving the control of rock burst disasters similar to the instability of overlying key rock formations.