大学教学范式的概念内涵与转变框架——基于库恩范式理论的镜鉴

Concept Connotation and Transformation Framework of University Teaching Paradigm:Mirror-based Kuhn s Paradigm Theory

在库恩的范式理论中,范式是一个具有丰富内涵的结构化体系。据此,大学教学范式可以分为哲学范式、社会学范式与构造范式三个层面。同时,大学教学的科学性与人文性决定了大学教学范式不单是一个科学研究的范式,更是一个教学研究与教学实践融为一体的范式。大学教学范式的基础与核心是教学共同体及其知识信念。实证知识观导致了基于科学主义的知识本位教学范式。只有在建构知识观的基础上,大学教学的所有参与者通过平等多边的对话与合作,形成拥有共同信念、价值与技术的教学共同体,转向以人为本的教学范式,方能解决知识本位教学范式所导致的危机。

Kuhn s paradigm is a structural system with rich connotation.Accordingly,the university teaching paradigm can be divided into three level:philosophical paradigm,sociological paradigm and constructive paradigm.Meanwhile,the scientific and humanistic nature of university teaching determines that teaching paradigm of university is not only a scientific research paradigm,but also a paradigm integrating teaching research and teaching practice.The basis and core of university teaching paradigm is teaching community and its belief in knowledge.Empirical knowledge outlook leads to a knowledge-centered teaching paradigm based on scientism.Only on the basis of constructing the concept of knowledge,through equal dialogue and cooperation,and forming a teaching community with common belief,value and technology,and turning to the people-oriented teaching paradigm on the part of all participants in university teaching,can we solve the crisis caused by the knowledge-centered teaching paradigm.