试论逆钟的纹饰与断代

On the Emblazonry and Dating of the Ni Zhong

逆钟(4件)是一套有关西周甬钟的代表性实物标本,具有较为重要的学术价值。目前,关于其纹饰与断代尚存在争议。本文对逆钟(4件)的甬、旋、篆带和正鼓部所饰的纹饰种类与定名做了深入探讨,并兼及甬钟个别部位名称的考订。关于逆钟(4件)的断代,目前主要有四种观点:“孝夷”说、“厉王”说、“西周晚期”说和“宣王元年”说。本文先从逆钟(4件)的调音资料入手,将其断为西周晚期之器;再从逆钟(4件)的纹饰入手,并结合逆钟“隹王元年三月”的钟铭,将逆钟(4件)断为西周晚期宣王元年之器。

The ni zhong (4 pieces of bells) are a set of representative physical specimens of the yong zhong in the Western Zhou Dynasty with important academic value. At present, there are still disputes about its emblazonry and dating. This article makes an in-depth discussion on the types andnames of emblazonry on the yong, xuan, zhuan dai, and the zheng gu bu of the ni zhong (4 pieces), and also examines the name of an individual part of the yong zhong. There are four main viewpoints on the dating of the ni zhong (4 pieces) at present: the theory of "Xiao Yi", the theory of"Emperor Li", the theory of "late Western Zhou Dynasty", and the theory of "the first year of Emperor Xuan". This article starts with the tuning data of the ni zhong (4 pieces), and concludes that it is an instrument of the late Western Zhou Dynasty;Then, starting from the emblazonry patterns of the ni zhong (4 pieces), and combining with the inscription of "in March of the first year of the reign of the king" on the ni zhong, and concludes that the ni zhong (4 pieces) were from the first year of the reign of the emperor king Xuan in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.