美国拜登总统的国家安全战略思维

Analysis of President Joseph Biden’s Strategic Views on National Security

领导人的国家安全战略思维界定了本国的核心战略意图,并影响国家安全战略的制定及其实践。领导人的国家安全战略思维、策略手段信念与安全战略动员,能够塑造国家安全战略实践的政治过程。领导人所受结构约束的程度与战略情境的不确定性,是影响其国家安全战略塑造能力的重要因素。拜登对美国国家安全环境持有负向认知,将国家安全威胁来源主要界定为“挑战现状”大国与全球安全议题,并因此力图实现美国在安全、经贸与价值观维度优先的目标,进而倾向于采取低安全议题、价值观外交以及后发制人式与多边合作式的安全战略手段。拜登不仅在战略议程设置和安全团队结构中处于核心位置,而且当前美国面临复杂的内外部环境,也确保其得以高效输出自身的战略理念。通过将拜登对俄罗斯、中国的安全信念与当前美国对外政策进行匹配,可以验证领导人塑造安全战略能力的推论。系统分析拜登总统的安全观,并对理解美国外交政策和安全战略的现状与趋势以及思考中美关系的发展方向具有启示意义。

Political leaders’strategic views on national security define their countries’strategic narratives and contribute to the making and implementation of national security strategies.To be more specific,their strategic thinking about security,strategic tactics and beliefs,as well as strategic capacity to mobilize,are the main determinants of how the national security strategy is made and implemented.Different degrees of structural constraints on political leaders and diverse strategic situations they are facing constitute important factors affecting their capabilities to shape national security strategies.Holding a negative perception of America’s national security environment,President Biden tends to identify the so-called revisionist countries that aim to change the“status quo”and global security issues as major sources of threat to the US national security.Therefore,the US strives to achieve its priority goals in the fields of security,ideology,and economy and trade by means of values diplomacy,post-emptive measures and multilateral cooperation.Owing to his core position in the strategic agenda-setting and the US security policy architecture,President Biden has been able to effectively implement and export his own strategic concepts in a complex internal and external environment.This paper has verified the argument that political leaders’personal vision plays an extremely important role in making and implementing national security strategy by examining Biden’s perception of Russia and China as a threat.Systematic analyses of President Biden’s national security view will shed new light on the understanding of the US foreign policy,national security strategy,and the future development of Sino-US relations.