南瓜砧木对嫁接黄瓜自交一代植物学性状的影响

Effects of Pumpkin Rootstock on Botanical Characters of the First Self-Bred Generation of Grafted Cucumber

本研究以‘亮砧一号’南瓜作砧木、‘郑黄1409’黄瓜作接穗,采用靠接法进行嫁接,探究南瓜砧木对嫁接黄瓜自交一代植物学性状的影响。结果显示,南瓜砧木嫁接黄瓜的自交一代植物学性状出现明显变异,变异系数介于3.88%~16.16%,其中16个性状的变异系数增大,增幅在0.09~9.02个百分点,5个性状的变异系数有所降低;大部分性状在统计学上与接穗自交系差异显著,呈现出第二雌花节位处的叶长和叶宽减小、叶柄粗和茎粗减小、节间变长、雌花数减少、果把变长、果肉增厚、种子长和宽减小、百粒重降低的总体变异趋势。通过对嫁接黄瓜自交一代株系的观察发现,叶片、雌花、果实、种子的表型存在两类与黄瓜自交系差异明显的特征变异,大多数单株叶柄变细、叶缘锯齿不明显且叶片较平展,果把明显变长且果棱不明显,种子小,雌花小且花瓣较平展;而少数特异单株叶片明显变小、较皱且叶缘具有明显的锯齿,叶柄较短,果实短小、略有果棱,种子体积增大,雌花花瓣内卷明显且较皱。可见,用南瓜砧木嫁接明显诱导了嫁接黄瓜一代的植物学性状变异,这可为嫁接黄瓜遗传变异的进一步研究和应用提供参考。

In this study, the pumpkin ‘Bright Rootstock 1’ was used as rootstock and the cucumber‘Zhenghuang 1409’was used as scion, which combined through approach grafting. The effects of pumpkin rootstock on the botanical characters of the first self-bred generation of grafted cucumber were analyzed. The results showed that the botanical characters of the first generation of self-bred cucumber grafted on pumpkin rootstock had obvious variations with the coefficient of variation between 3.88% and 16.16%. The variation coefficient of 16 traits increased by 0.09~9.02 percentage points, while that of 5 traits decreased. Most of the traits were significantly different from those of the scion inbred line in statistics, and showed a general variation trend as the length and width of leaves at the node of the second female flower, the diameters of petiole and stem, the number of female flowers, the seed length and width and the 100-grain weight decreasing, while the internode length and the fruit handle length increasing, and the pulp thickened. Through observation of the first generation of grafted cucumber inbred lines, it was found that there were two types of phenotypic variation in leaves, female flowers, fruits and seeds, which were significantly different from those of cucumber inbred lines: most individual plants had thinner petioles, less serrated leaf margins and more flat leaves, longer fruit handles and less obvious fruit edges, smaller seeds, smaller female flowers with more flat petals;however, a few specific individuals had obviously smaller and wrinkled leaves with obvious serrated margin, shorter petiole, short and small fruits with slight fruit edges, larger seed volume and female flowers with petals obviously rolled in and wrinkled. In conclusion, pumpkin rootstock could significantly induce the variation of botanical characters of the first self-bred generation of grafted cucumber, which could provide references for further research and application of genetic variation of grafted cucumber.