美国帕金斯职业教育法案的历史沿革与价值负载

The Historical Evolution and Significance of Perkins Vocational Education Act in America

职业教育立法是实现职业教育工具价值和本体价值的根本保证和制度设计。美国较早开始了关于职业教育的立法工作,形成了以帕金斯职业教育法案为代表的较为成熟的职业教育法案。在立法过程中呈现出对教育公平的持续追求、对终身教育的时代彰显、对新联邦主义的现实融入的价值负载。美国职业教育立法对我国完善职业教育法治建设在以科学立法为根本指导助推职业教育改革进程、以健全职业教育经费投入机制为重心保障职业教育运行、以绩效问责管理为抓手提升职业教育质量等方面都具有重要的借鉴价值。

The legislation of vocational education is the fundamental guarantee and system design to realize the instrumental and ontological value of vocational education. America started vocational education legislation earlier, quite fully developed, in which Perkins Vocational Education Act is the representative. Its legislative process reflects the continuous pursuit for educational fairness, the era manifestation of lifelong education, and the realistic integration of new federalism. In certain degree, it will have valuable references to our legislation in three aspects. First, the scientific legislation can be the fundament to guide the vocational education reform;second, the funding mechanism can be the main part to ensure the vocational education operation;third, the performance accountability management can be an effective means to improve the vocational education quality.