微环境对诱蚊诱卵器监测媒介伊蚊效果的影响因素研究

MICROENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE MONITOR POSITIVE RATE OF MOSQ-OVITRAPS

为规范诱蚊诱卵器监测媒介伊蚊工作,2020年7月21日至9月29日在上海市徐汇区某科教园区内开展微环境对诱蚊诱卵器监测的影响因素研究。在研究区域内设置132个监测点位,每个点位布放1个诱蚊诱卵器,布放7 d后于第8天回收并再布放1个新诱蚊诱卵器,连续监测10次,记录监测点位上方乔木遮罩、周围2 m内道路或建筑物、诱蚊诱卵器瓶盖圆孔被草叶或树叶等物体覆盖、瓶内水增加、瓶内钻入其他虫类、瓶内落入异物等影响因素。结果显示,共回收有效诱蚊诱卵器1308个,其中阳性428个,平均阳性率为32.72%;布放在草丛、灌木丛或空地点位的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率分别为29.30%、37.17%和27.54%;上方有乔木遮罩点位的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率(35.62%)高于无乔木遮罩(23.10%);周围2 m内无道路及在东、南、西和北方有道路点位的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率分别为47.14%、31.47%、27.17%、40.74%和28.27%;周围2 m内无建筑及在东、南、西和北方有建筑点位的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率分别为37.99%、30.90%、19.47%、40.63%和28.99%;瓶盖无草叶等覆盖、半覆盖和全覆盖的点位的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率分别为35.22%、30.83%和20.00%;瓶内水未增多的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率(34.55%)高于瓶内水增多的阳性率(21.62%);瓶内无虫的诱蚊诱卵器阳性率(39.02%)高于瓶内有虫的阳性率(30.81%);Probit概率单位回归模型拟合显示点位上方无乔木遮罩、在道路东面或南面、瓶盖被全覆盖物和瓶内水增多,都是导致诱蚊诱卵器阳性率显著降低的因素(均P<0.05)。结果表明,诱蚊诱卵器布放点位上方无乔木遮罩、在道路的东面2 m处、在道路的南面2 m处、瓶盖被全覆盖和瓶内水增多,都是诱蚊诱卵器阳性率降低的主要影响因素。

To standardize the use of mosq-ovitraps to monitor mosquito density,a study on the influence factors of microenvironment on mosq-ovitraps monitoring was carried out in a Science and Education Park area of Shanghai Xuhui Distract from Jul.21 to Sept.29,2020.A total of 132 monitoring sites were set up in the monitoring area,one mosq-ovitrap was placed in each site,and taken back on the 8th day after placing,and then a new mosq-ovitrap was used to replace the previous one.This operation was repeated 10 consecutive times.The influencing factors of the monitoring site environment were recorded such as arbor mask,roads or buildings within 2 m around the mosq-trap site,whether the bottle cap of mosq-trap was covered by grass or fallen leaves,change of water accumulation in the bottle,as well as the other insects and foreign matters falling into the bottle,etc.The monitoring results show that a total of 1308 effective traps were retrieved including 428 positive traps,with an average positive rate of 32.72%;There was significant difference in the positive rates of mosq-ovitraps at the points placed on grass,bushes or open space(29.30%,37.17%and 27.54%respectively);The positive rate of mosq-ovitraps at the points with tree cover above(35.62%)was higher than that without tree cover(23.10%);The positive rates of mosq-ovitraps were different at the points with no roads within 2 m around and roads in the East,South,West and North directions(47.14%,31.47%,27.17%,40.74%and 28.27%,respectively);The positive rates of mosq-ovitraps were significantly different at the points with no buildings within 2 m around and buildings in the East,South,West and North directions(37.99%,30.90%,19.47%,40.63%and 28.99%,respectively);There was significant difference in the positive rates of mosq-ovitraps at the points with no grass leaf covering,half covering and full covering the bottle cap(35.22%,30.83%and 20.00%respectively);The positive rate of mosq-ovitraps was higher in the bottle with no increase of water(34.55%)than that with increased water in the bottle(21.62%);The positive rate of mosq-ovitraps was higher in the bottle without insects(39.02%)than that with insects in the bottle(30.81%);The fitting of Probit probabilistic unit regression model showed that no arbor mask above the point,in the east or south of the road,the full cover of the bottle cap and the increase of water in the bottle were all the factors that led to the significant reduction of the positive rate of mosq-ovitraps(all P<0.05).There is no arbor cover above the laying point of the mosq-ovitraps,2 m in East and in South of the road,the bottle cap is fully covered and the water in the bottle is increased,all these are the main influencing factors for the reduction of the positive rate of mosq-ovitraps.Therefore,it is recommended to standardize such microenvironment factors in monitoring scheme.