韩汉同形完全异义词略考

Research on the Perfect Homonym in Korean and Chinese

韩汉两语中存在着大量的同形异义词,这些词是韩中两国不同历史文化背景下形成的产物。其中,韩汉同形完全异义词所占比重不是很大,但韩汉语言学习者在习得这类词汇时,因受母语影响,在使用方面经常发生很多偏误。因此,追溯韩汉同形完全异义词的词源,探究词汇产生差异的原因,对韩汉语言学习者充分认识两者的区别,避免语言使用上的偏误有一些帮助。通过对《现代韩国语常用词汇调查——韩国语学习用词汇选定》(2002年版)中韩汉同形完全异义词的古文献考证,追溯这些完全异义词的词源,结果发现韩国汉字词都保留着从中国古文献里借用的汉语词义,更接近词汇原义。韩汉同形完全异义词的差异多是由中国汉字词的词义变化所致。

There are a large number of homonyms in Korean and Chinese formed under different historical and cultural backgrounds.The perfect homonym is a small portion among them,however,it is found that Korean and Chinese language learners,influenced by their mother language,often make mistakes when using them.Tracing the etymologies of the perfect homonym in Korean and Chinese and exploring the cause of the differences of the vocabulary will be helpful for the learners to have a good command of the differences and avoid making errors.Through textual research of the perfect homonym in Korean and Chinese in A Survey of Commonly Used Words in Modern Korean-Selected Vocabulary for Korean Learning(2002),it is shown that the Sino-Korean words keeps the meanings of Chinese vocabulary in the ancient documents.The differences between the perfect homonyms are more the result of the changes of Chinese characters.