刘勰文体论语境下的魏晋文学史论

Literary History of Wei and Jin Dynasties in the Context of Liu Xie’s Stylistic Theory

在“论古今文体引而次之”的思想前提下,刘勰对赋、颂、谐、诸子、诏策、议对六类文体在魏晋的正变进行考辨。以此为基点,刘勰从思想与风格的层面,整体定位魏晋文学“浅绮”的艺术风貌,认为魏晋文学思想内涵的浮浅寡淡与诗体形式的繁缛绮丽之间构成一种张力,独立于先秦至刘宋的文学史。在“文律运周,日新其业”动态文学史论中,刘勰认为魏晋文学在先秦至刘宋“从质及讹,弥近弥淡”的文风变化中有着过渡作用,对齐梁形式文风的兴起起着导引作用。面对过分追求藻饰、声律的讹滥之风,刘勰重提“风雅”标准,建立了华实兼备的“雅丽”审美理想。

Under the premise of "commenting on the ancient and modern styles of writing and arrange in order", Liu Xie examined and distinguished the positive changes of six styles of writing in the Wei and Jin dynasties: fu, song, harmonic, zhuzi, Zhao and discussion. Based on this, Liu Xie defined the artistic style of " superficial and gorgeous " in Wei and Jin literature from the perspective of ideology and style, and held that there was a tension between the shallow connotation of Wei and Jin literature and the elaborate poetic form, which was independent of the literary history from pre-Qin to Liu Song Dynasties. In the dynamic history of literature, Liu Xie holds that Wei and Jin literature played a transitional role in the change of literary style from pre-Qin to Song dynasty,and played a guiding role in the rise of Qi-Liang style of literature. Faced with the excessive pursuit of writing decorations and intonation, Liu reiterated the standard of "elegance" and established the aesthetic ideal of both elegance and reality.