政府数据开放多元主体共生的机理与SODA案例分析

Research on Multi-subject Symbiosis of Open Government Data:Mechanism and SODA’s Case Study

[目的/意义]政府数据开放涉及多主体、多行为和多种利益关系,探索政府数据开放多元主体共生的机理和实践路径对于提高多元主体参与的意识和效能、完善政府数据开放共生体系具有重要意义。[方法/过程]引入共生理论,探讨政府数据开放共生的概念和政府数据开放生态系统多元主体共生的机理,并通过上海开放数据创新应用大赛(Shanghai Open Data Application,SODA)的实践案例分析政府数据开放多元主体共生机制的最佳实践路径。[结果/结论]政府数据开放需要政府与社会力量的紧密合作、建立共生关系,上海市开放数据创新应用大赛的连续成功举办较好地反映了政府数据开放多元主体在点共生关系的基础上从间歇共生、连续共生演化到一体化共生的过程。政府部门应支持和鼓励社会化力量参与政府数据开放,加强各主体之间的协调合作、互利共生。

[Purpose/significance]Open Government Data(OGD)involves multi-subjects,multi-behaviors and multi-interests relations.It is of great significance to explore the mechanism and practical path of the symbiosis mechanism of OGD for improving the awareness and efficiency of multi-subject participation and perfecting the symbiosis system of OGD.[Method/process]By introducing symbiosis theory,this paper discusses the symbiosis concept of OGD and the multi-subject symbiosis mechanism of the OGD ecosystem.With the case of Shanghai Open Data Application(SODA),this paper also analyzes the best practice path of the symbiosis mechanism of OGD.[Result/conclusion]OGD requires close cooperation and symbiosis between the government and social forces.The continuous success of SODA better reflects the process from point symbiosis,intermittent symbiosis and continuous symbiosis to integrated symbiosis of multiple subjects of OGD.Government should support social forces to participate in OGD,and strengthen coordination and mutualism among various subjects.