重論上古漢語語氣詞“者”的語法功能及其來源

The Grammatical Function and Origin of the Mood Particle“Zhe”(者) in Archaic Chinese

文章重點討論了上古漢語句末語氣詞“者”(即位於全句末尾的語氣詞“者”)的語法功能及其來源,對於單句中句中成分之後的語氣詞“者”和複句中從句(與主句相對)末尾的語氣詞“者”的語法功能及其來源也有所論及。文章第一節對近代漢語語氣詞“者”(以及與之有關的字形)、上古漢語比擬句式末尾的“者”以及上古漢語位於專有名詞之後的“者”的意義和語法性質進行了辨析,提出對語氣詞“者”的判定應采取嚴格的標準,要從上古漢語“者”的整個詞義和語法系統出發來加以界定。後面兩節是文章的重點,除了對前人關於語氣詞“者”的語法功能及其來源的論述進行了系統梳理外,文章重點提出句末語氣詞“者”有表示肯定和確認語氣的功能,提出句末語氣詞“者”和複句中從句(結果從句和假設從句)末尾的“者”有不同的來源,各自遵循了不同的演變路徑。此外,文章還對上古漢語語氣詞“者”是否能夠大量用於假設從句末尾做了辨正。

This paper discusses mainly the grammatical function and origin of the sentence-final mood particle“zhe”(者),additionally,This paper discuses single sentence elements-final mood particle“zhe”(者)and clause-final mood particle“zhe”(者).In the section one,the paper comments on the sentence-final imperative mood particle“zhe”(者)in near Mandarin Chinese,and the sentence-final analogic particle“zhe”(者)in Archaic Chinese,and the proper noun-final particle“zhe”(者).This paper think that a strict criterion should be used when judging the property of the sentence-final mood particle“zhe”(者)in view of the word“zhe”(者)’s meaning and grammatical system in Archaic Chinese.In the section two and section three,the paper assumes that the sentence-final mood particle“zhe”(者)in Archaic Chinese can denotes affirmative mood,the sentence-final mood particle“zhe”(者)and clause-final mood particle“zhe”(者)had different origins and different evolutionary paths.Lastly,the paper think that the mood particle“zhe”(者)could be used after the adverbial clause of condition.,