庙学与科举的融合促动机制及实践路径

Mechanism and Path to Promoting the Integration of Temple Studies and Imperial Examination

庙学是封建时代官办育才场所,科举是封建时代选才方式,两种不同的制度结缘于隋唐,基于价值导向的趋同性而得以融合促动。其融合促动是全方位的,在建筑空间上,庙学常被用作科举童试的场所,科举除拥有号房、执事楼、文昌宫等相对独立的空间外,庙学的祭祀、教学空间也带有明显的科举痕迹,隐藏着丰富的科举意蕴;在教育教学活动上,科举元素渗透到庙学的学官管理、生员管理、教学内容和教学方法之中;在常规仪式方面,在庙学内举办的进学礼、宾兴礼和科贡题名活动等都是庙学与科举融合促动的真实呈现,深刻影响着读书人的价值观和社风民俗,成为优秀传统文化不可分割的一部分。

A Confucian temple,a place of official education,and the imperial examination,a way of talents selection,were promoted and integrated in the Sui and Tang dynasties,out of the value-oriented convergence and integration.In the architectural space,Confucian temples were often used as places for the imperial examinations while its relatively independent spaces such as the examination hall,the office building and the Wenchang Pavilion,the rituals and teaching spaces of Confucian temples having obvious traces of imperial examinations;in educational and teaching activities,imperial examination elements penetrated into the management of school officers,students,teaching contents and teaching methods of Confucian temples;and in the regular rituals,the entrance ceremony,the Binxing ceremony and the activity of nominators’inscriptions held in the Confucian temples manifest the integration and promotion of Confucian temples and imperial examinations.These profoundly influence ancient scholars’view of values and social customs,being an inseparable part of the excellent traditional culture.