新型重力储能技术研究现状与发展趋势

Research and Development of Novel Gravity Energy Storage Technologies

随着我国电力行业的快速发展,以风能和太阳能为代表的可再生能源得到快速发展,但其空间分布的不均匀性和供应时间的不稳定性大幅度限制了新能源技术的发展。文章聚焦于重力储能技术发展现状,向读者介绍了国际上近年来涌现的4种新型电网级重力储能技术,包括美国Gravity Power型重力活塞驱动式抽水蓄能技术、美国Ares公司设计的山地铁路式重力储能技术、瑞士Energy Vault公司设计的塔吊式重力储能技术和英国Gravitricity公司设计的矿井式重力储能电池。新型重力储能技术相较于传统电化学储能方法具有安全、储能容量大、对环境影响小等优势,相较于传统抽水蓄能重力储能方法则显著降低了对地理条件和水资源的依赖,具有广阔的应用前景。基于现有调研资料,文章也指出了新型重力储能技术存在的发展阻碍与技术难题,对国内重力储能技术的发展具有一定的指导意义。

With the rapid development of China′s electric power industry,the renewable energy,e.g.,wind and solar energy,has rapidly developed.However,the uneven spatial distribution and the supply instability greatly restrict the development of new energy technologies.Focused on the development of gravity energy storage(GES)technologies,it introduces four kinds of new grid-level gravity energy storage technologies emerging in the world in recent years,including Gravity Power GES in USA,Ares Mountain GES in USA,Energy Vault GES in Swiss,and Gravitricity GES in UK.Compared to the traditional electrochemical energy storage method,suck kinds of GES technologies has the advantages of safety,large storage capacity and small impact on the environment.Also,they significantly reduce the dependence on geographical conditions and water resources,which are beyond the application of the traditional pumped hydro storage GES method.Thus,these new GES methods have broad application prospects.According to the available researches,it also points out the development obstacles and technical problems of the new gravity energy storage technology,which can provide specific guidance on the domestic development of GES technologies in China.