数控机床超低待机状态作业车间调度节能研究

Research on Energy Saving Analysis on Job Shop Scheduling in Ultra-Low Idle State of NC Machine Tools

机械加工系统是车间层实施绿色制造的主体之一。为了降低不必要的能耗,在以数控机床为加工设备的作业车间中引入一种超低待机状态。该车间将数控机床的能耗状态划分为加工状态、待机状态和超低待机状态三个不同阶段,增加了调度的复杂程度。针对这类特殊的车间调度问题建立面向绿色制造的多元能耗模型,并对数控机床各状态能耗进行详细分析。在此基础上,以能耗最优为目标,设计基于遗传算法的作业车间调度优化方法,引入面向工序的解码方式,在控制方案运行时间的同时实现作业车间绿色制造。最后通过实验案例,验证调度优化算法的有效性,并分析加工时间长度等级对超低待机状态节能效果的影响。结果显示,引入超低待机状态能够降低作业车间20%以上的待机能耗,这表明该状态在类似机械加工行业中具有节能潜力。

Machining system is one of the main parts of green manufacturing in workshop.In order to reduce the unnecessary energy consumption,an ultra-low idle state is introduced in the job shop where NC machine tools are used as processing equipment.In the job shop,the energy consumption state of NC machine tools is divided into processing state,idle state and ultra-low idle state,which increases the complexity of scheduling.Aiming at the special job shop scheduling problem,a multi-energy consumption model oriented to green manufacturing was established,and the energy consumption of NC machine tools in each state was analyzed and modeled.On this basis,aiming at reducing energy consumption,a job shop scheduling optimization method based on genetic algorithm is designed,and the process-oriented decoding method was introduced to realize green manufacturing in job shop while controlling the running time of the scheme.Finally,the effectiveness of the scheduling optimization algorithm is verified by experimental cases,and the influence of time scale on the energy-saving effect of ultra-low idle state is analyzed.The results show that the ultra-low idle state of NC machine tools can reduce the standby energy consumption of the job shop by more than 20%,which indicates that this state has energy saving potential in similar machining industries.