中国近代学人日记视域下的学术流派

Academic Schools from the Perspective of Modern Scholars’Diaries

近代以降,社会巨变,为了解决古今问题、中西问题和学术转型之需要,产生了多种学术流派。湖湘学派与公羊学派之间及其内部因为观念和旨趣的不同而出现的门户之见,不利于学术的健康发展。桐城派在近代借湘乡派崛起出现过短暂的辉煌,后在民国时期受到新文化运动中“文选派”“章门学派”等的冲击而逐渐式微。傅斯年创办史语所,以兰克史学重“语言学”和“档案”的路数来改造当时学术界的研究路向,深受欧洲史学的影响。傅斯年的史料观和治学方法成为史语所研究的范式,傅氏个人霸道的秉性和不徇私情的作风也深刻影响了史语所的风格。民国时期,新文化派和东方文化派围绕经学存废进行论战,南北学派的论争在多个学术领域展开,但学派纷争影响了学术发展,呼吁南北学派的合作与团结成为时代的呼声。近代学人日记以记载的连续性和洞察隐微的笔触,按照当时情境将零散的片段叙述以历史剪影的形式保存下来,为我们还原和解读近代学术流派的旨趣与纷争提供了相对客观、真实的“历史影像”。

with the great changes in modern society,in order to solve ancient and modern problems,Chinese and Western problems and the needs of academic transformation,a variety of academic schools have emerged.Because of the different ideas and purports between and within Huxiang school and Gongyang School,there are different opinions,which is not conducive to the healthy development of academia.Tongcheng school appeared briefly brilliant in the rise of Xiangxiang school in modern times,and then gradually declined under the impact of“literary selection school”and“zhangmen school”during the new culture movement in the Republic of China.Fu Sinian founded the Institute of history and Philology,and reformed the research direction of the academic circles at that time by emphasizing“linguistics”and“archives”in Lanke’s historiography,which was deeply influenced by European historiography.Fu Sinian’s view of historical materials and his scholarly methods have become the paradigm of the Institute of historical studies.Fu’s personal domineering disposition and non partisan style have also profoundly affected the style of the Institute.During the period of the Republic of China,the new culture school and the eastern culture school debated about the existence or abolition of Confucian classics.The debate between the northern and southern schools was launched in many academic fields,but the school disputes affected the academic development,and the call for the cooperation and unity of the northern and southern schools became the voice of the times.With the continuity of records and subtle insight,the diaries of modern scholars have preserved the narration of scattered fragments in the form of historical silhouettes according to the situation at that time,providing a relatively objective and real“historical image”for us to restore and interpret the purport and disputes of modern academic schools.