强化国有企业对中国国家自主创新能力体系支撑力的途径与对策

Research on the Ways and Countermeasures to Strengthen the Support of State-owned Enterprises to China’s National Independent Innovation Ability System

对于全面进入建设全球领先创新型国家的中国而言,应将国有企业的竞争能力逐步由资源优势、融资优势和政策优惠优势甚至行政垄断和自然垄断能力,全面向依赖培育和强化自主创新能力转变。相对固化的自然垄断和行政垄断地位、多层次的官僚式管理体制、偏离自身经营主业以及偏向于以房地产和金融行业等多元化经营策略、创新人才激励机制尚未有效构建和激发、对做强做优做大目标的定位差错、现行的偏向于年度资本规模和利润增长率的企业绩效考核机制等机制体制性障碍,均程度不等地削弱了国有企业依靠自主创新能力提升获得市场竞争优势的内在动力,在一定程度上造成中国国有企业和国有资本未能有效成为实现高水平科技自立、自强目标主力军,极大地限制了中国国有企业在激发国家自主创新体系进程中的核心支撑作用,以及在建设全球领先创新型国家过程中的关键主导作用。针对这些突出的机制体制性障碍,应彻底调整国有企业的监管和考核制度,科学认识和把握国有企业在提升中国自主创新能力体系中的差异性定位,强化国有企业在重点产业链的“卡脖子”关键核心技术创新领域全面突破的主导地位,鼓励国有企业利用外部创新资源的并购和合作等提升其市场竞争能力。

For China,which has fully entered the construction of a leading innovation-oriented country in the world,it should gradually transform the competitiveness of state-owned enterprises from resource advantages,financing advantages,preferential policy advantages and even administrative and natural monopoly to relying on cultivating and strengthening independent innovation abilities.These disadvantages have weakened the internal power of state-owned enterprises to gain market competitive advantage by relying on independent innovation ability enhancement to varying degrees,and greatly restricted the core supporting role of Chinese state-owned enterprises in stimulating the process of national independent innovation system,as well as the key leading role in building a global leading innovative country.In view of these disadvantages,we should thoroughly adjust the supervision and assessment system of stateowned enterprises,strengthen the leading position of state-owned enterprises in the“choke”key core technology innovation field of key industrial chains,and encourage state-owned enterprises to use external innovation resources for mergers and acquisitions and cooperation to improve their market competitiveness.