“绿色与绿色”的冲突与协调--基于可再生能源土地利用与生态保护法律制度矛盾的分析

The Conflict and Reconciliation of“Green on Green”--An Analysis Based on the Contradiction Between the Legislative Framework of Renewable Energy Land Use and Ecological Protection

在“双碳”战略背景下,中国可再生能源已进入大规模开发阶段。可再生能源用地需求与生态保护法律制度之间的冲突日益激烈,主要表现为可再生能源发展与生态保护红线管理的空间冲突,可再生能源规划与生态空间用途管制的规则冲突,可再生能源扩张与保护生物多样性的价值冲突。导致冲突的外因为可再生能源空间规划的法律实现尚未成熟,究其根本原因则是应对气候变化行动对土地利用的间接影响被忽视。目前,美国、欧盟与德国在可再生能源用地和生态保护制度方面的立法与实践对中国有可借鉴之处,中国亦可通过设立可再生能源专属规划区缓和空间冲突,为可再生能源用地提供法律保障以解决规则冲突,完善可再生能源用地管理框架以协调价值冲突。

Under the background of“Double carbon”strategy(peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality),renewable energy in China has reached a large-scale development stage.The space conflict between the development of renewable energy and the Red Line management of ecological protection,the rules of renewable energy planning and the regulation of ecological space use,and the values of renewable energy approval and biodiversity protection are some of the main manifestations of the conflict between the demand for renewable energy land and the legal system of ecological environment protection.The lack of maturity in the legal application of spatial planning for renewable energy is the external source of these conflicts,but the ignoring of the indirect effects of climate action on land use is the root reason.At present,the legislation and practice of the United States,Germany and the European Union on Renewable Energy Land Use and ecological protection system can be used for reference for our country,to provide legal protection for renewable energy land to resolve the conflict of rules,improve the management framework of renewable energy land to coordinate the conflict of values.