移动互联网与农村居民消费:理论逻辑、现实基础与微观证据

Mobile Internet and Rural Residents'Consumption:Theoretical Logic,Realistic Basis and Micro Evidence

扩大农村消费、培育完整内需体系、畅通国内大循环是我国构建双循环新发展格局的基础。移动互联网对突破有形市场时空限制、改变农村居民消费习惯与消费模式、释放农村居民消费潜力具有重要作用。基于2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的农村数据,实证分析移动互联网对农村居民消费水平与消费结构的影响,进而利用衡量相对剥夺水平的卡克瓦尼指数探究移动互联网对农村居民消费不平等状况的影响。研究发现,移动互联网能够促进农村居民消费水平提升和消费结构升级;移动互联网对农村居民消费水平与消费结构的影响具有异质性,相比于非一线城市样本、老年样本和低保户样本,其在一线城市样本、中青年样本和非低保户样本中的影响更大;移动互联网能够降低农村居民消费不平等程度,且这种作用具有异质性,在非一线城市样本、老年样本中表现得更明显,在低保户样本中表现得不明显。为进一步发挥移动互联网对农村居民消费的促进作用,应加快移动互联网基础设施建设,拓展互联网覆盖广度和使用深度;切实提升农村居民特别是弱势群体移动互联网素养,抑制移动互联网的非对称影响;积极开发移动互联网应用场景,增强农村居民消费的灵活性便捷性。

Expanding rural residents'consumption,fostering a complete system for domestic demand,and smoothing domestic circulation is the basis for the construction of domestic and international circulation.Mobile internet plays the important role in breaking through the time and space limit of physical markets,changing rural residents'consumption patterns and habits,and releasing rural residents'potential of consumption.Using the data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS),the authors empirically analyze the impact of mobile internet on rural residents'consumption level and consumption structure,and further use the Kakwani Index,which can be used to measure the relative deprivation level,to explore the impact of mobile internet on rural consumption inequality.It is found that:mobile internet can significantly improve the consumption level and consumption structure of rural residents;the impact of mobile internet on the consumption level and consumption structure of rural residents has the characteristic of heterogeneity,and it plays a more significant role in the expansion and upgrading of consumption in residents of first-tier cities,the young and middle-aged residents,and ordinary residents compared with residents in non-first-tier cities,senior residents and residents receiving subsistence allowances;and mobile internet can alleviate the relative inequality degree of consumption of rural residents and the effect has the characteristic of heterogeneity,namely,it has a stronger effect on residents in non-first-tier cities and elderly residents,but has no significant impact on rural residents receiving subsistence allowance.To further give play to the role of mobile internet in promoting rural residents'consumption,we should,first,accelerate the construction of mobile internet related infrastructure,and increase the breadth of mobile internet coverage and depth of use;second,we should focus on cultivating rural residents'mobile internet literacy,and control the asymmetrical impact of mobile internet;and third,we should develop mobile internet application scenarios,and enhance the flexibility and convenience of rural residents'consumption.