新型数字基础设施、零工就业与空间溢出效应

The New Digital Infrastructure,Gig Employment and Spatial Spillover Effect

新型数字基础设施是平台经济得以蓬勃发展的技术基础,平台经济创造出大量零工就业岗位。为探究新型数字基础设施对零工就业工资的影响及其空间溢出效应,使用2020年至2021年城市的零工招聘平台大数据与城市特征数据进行匹配,并构建新型数字基础设施综合指标,建立空间计量模型。研究发现,新型数字基础设施对本地零工就业工资具有显著的提升作用,并且对周边城市的零工就业工资具有空间溢出效应;机制分析表明,新型数字基础设施会导致本地和周边地区产生更多的零工需求,从而提高零工工资水平;新型数字基础设施对周边城市的溢出效应是局域的,且随着距离增大而衰减。在加大新型数字基础设施建设力度的同时,地方政府需要积极拓展投资主体,挖掘与其他城市的合作潜力,制定共担成本与共享收益的新型数字基础设施投资方案,构建多元化投资体系,鼓励私有企业和私有资本进入相关投资领域;政府还应为零工经济的发展提供更多的政策支持,特别是税收优惠和资金补贴政策,帮助企业度过数字化转型的初期阶段,并以专项法律法规政策满足零工就业人员在劳动和社会保障方面的需求。

The new digital infrastructure is the technological basis for the blooming of platform economy;and platform economy has significantly increased demand for gig jobs.To explore the impact of new digital infrastructure on gig jobs'wages and its spatial spillover effect,the authors use the big data of part-time recruitment platform in Chinese cities from 2020 to 2021 to match the urban statistics data,establish the comprehensive index of new digital infrastructure,and construct the spatial measurement model of gig jobs'wages including spatial spillover effect.The results show that:first,the new digital infrastructure plays a significant role in improving the local gig jobs'wages,and it has a spatial spillover effect on the gig jobs'wages in the surrounding cities;second,the mechanism analysis shows that the new digital infrastructure will lead to more demand for gig jobs in local and surrounding areas,thus increasing the wage level of gig jobs;and third,the spillover effect of new digital infrastructure to surrounding cities is local,and the spillover effect decreases with the increase of distance.While enhancing investment in new digital infrastructure,China's local governments should positively expand main investors,explore the potential to cooperate with other cities,formulate the new plan for digital infrastructure investment with the characteristics of sharing cost and benefits,establish the diversified investment system,and encourage private enterprises and capital to invest in related fields;and the governments should also provide more policy support for the development of gig economy,especially the policy of tax preference and funding subsidies,to help enterprises to live through the early stage of digital transformation,and meet the requirement of gig employees in terms of labor protection and social safety with the help of specific laws,regulations,and policies.