意向性的歧义性——以布伦塔诺、胡塞尔、齐硕姆的使用为例

On the Ambiguity of Intentionality:The Usage of Intentionality by Brentano,Husserl and Chisholm

意向性是当代哲学的一个热门话题,在欧陆哲学与英美哲学中皆然。但随着此词使用范围越来越广,其意涵亦变得越来越模糊。其中,布伦塔诺、胡塞尔和齐硕姆三人对“意向性”之使用最具代表性,因此最值得比较探讨。这三位哲学家在当代意向性观念史上具有特殊的地位。无论欧陆或英美哲学家,都公认是布伦塔诺首先将意向性引入当代哲学讨论中。布伦塔诺出色弟子不少,但若论对欧陆哲学的影响,则首推胡塞尔。而将“意向性”带入英美哲学界主流者,则以齐硕姆贡献最大。

Intentionality is a hot topic both in contemporary continental philosophy and Anglo-American philosophy.However,as the term’s scope of applications extends,its connotation becomes increasingly ambiguous.Brentano,Husserl and Chisholm provided the most representative usage of intentionality,and thus deserve academic attention and analysis.These three philosophers played a vital role in the history of contemporary conceptions of intentionality.Brentano is universally acknowledged by either continental or Anglo-American philosophers as the first to introduce intentionality into contemporary philosophical discussions.Husserl exerted the greatest influence on continental philosophy amongst Brentano’s many outstanding disciples.Chisholm made the greatest contribution to bringing intentionality to the mainstream of Anglo-American philosophy.