河北坝上高原如意河流域上游地区土壤养分调查与评价

Investigation and evaluation of soil nutrients in the upper reaches of Ruyi River basin,Bashang Plateau,Hebei Province

土壤养分调查与评价对能否充分利用土壤生产资源、促进生态环境保护和农业增产增效有重要意义。本文以河北坝上高原如意河流域上游地区为研究区,依据土地质量地球化学评价规范,采用地统计学方法和相关性分析对研究区土壤中的酸碱度、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾空间分布特征及其影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:研究区土壤酸化较重,土壤中SOM、TN含量属于丰富级别;TK含量属于较丰富级别;TP含量属于较缺乏级别;土壤养分的综合评价等级为三等,土壤养分总体处于中等状况。土壤养分含量较高地区零星分布,在研究区西部的部分地区土壤养分含量相对较低,需要额外补充养分元素。研究区土壤中SOM、TN、TP元素之间存在着显著的正相关关系,而土壤中SOM、TN、TP与TK之间却存在着显著的负相关关系。因此,研究区应适当控制氮磷肥的投入,确保钾肥的施用量,使得研究区各养分元素均匀且较丰富的分布。

The investigation and evaluation of soil nutrients are of great significance for making full use of soil production resources,promoting ecological environment protection and increasing agricultural yield and efficiency.The spatial characteristics of pH,organic matter,nitrogen phosphorus,potassium in the Ruyi River basin downstream are studied,using geostatistics and correlation analysis.The results showed that soil is heavily acidified,organic matter and nitrogen are rich,potassium is relatively rich,phosphorus is relatively lacked in the Ruyi River basin downstream.The comprehensive evaluation grade of soil nutrients in the study area was third-class,and the soil nutrients are generally in a medium condition,and regional area with high soil nutrient is scattered.In the western part of the study area,relatively concentrated areas with low distribution of soil nutrient requires additional nutrient elements.There is a significant positive correlation between organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil,while there is a significant negative correlation between organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the soil.Therefore,the study area should properly control the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to ensure the application of potassium fertilizer,so that the nutrient elements in the study area are evenly and abundantly distributed.