华南晚籼杂交稻产量性状差异性比较及配合力分析

Differences between Yield Traits of Late Season Indica Rice Hybrids from South China and Analysis on Its Combining Ability&Heritability

以华南地区广泛应用的不育系和恢复系配置杂交组合,对华南晚籼杂交稻的产量性状差异及其配合力和遗传力进行比较分析。结果表明:泰丰A、广恢998、广恢122组合的单株有效穗数较多,分别达到8.78、7.93、7.91。单株实粒数以五丰A、华占、广恢308、广恢998和扬泰A组合较多,分别达到1 079.5、1 050.6、1 026.7、994.7和990.2。明恢63、桂99和荣丰A组合的单株有效穗数较少,分别为7.05、7.19和7.24;其单株实粒数也较少,分别为755.1、852.3和894.1;但其千粒质量较大,分别达26.91、24.64和24.89 g。广恢308、华占和广恢998单株有效穗数一般配合力较好,分别为5.395、4.509和2.217;其结实率以及单株实粒数的一般配合力也较高,利用其配组容易获得高产稳产的杂种后代。产量方面,不育系扬泰A和五丰A配置的组合具有较高的产量优势,分别为7.20和7.27 t/hm^(2);广恢308、华占和天丰A组合的产量一般配合力分别为8.418、4.684和3.836。结实率、产量、单株有效穗数和单株实粒数这4个产量性状以加性效应为主,而千粒质量和生育期则存在较大的显性或/和上位性效应。除结实率外,其它一般配合力较低的双亲间也存在较好的特殊配合力。

A series of CMS lines and restorer lines developed and large-scale applied in South China in recent years were crossed according to the incomplete diallel cross method,and 27 hybrid combinations were obtained.Differences between yield traits of these hybrid combinations and its combining ability and heritability were analyzed.The results showed that effective panicles per plant in the combinations derived from Taifeng A,R998 and R122 was relatively higher,which reached 8.78,7.93 and 7.91,respectively.Higher number of filled grains per plant was observed in the combinations derived from Wufeng A,Huazhan,R308,R998 and Yangtai A,which reached 1079.5,1050.6,1026.7,994.7 and 990.2,respectively.In contrast,lower number of effective panicles per plant were found in the combinations of Minghui 63,Gui 99 and Rongfeng A,which were 7.05,7.19 and 7.24 panicles per plant respectively.These combinations also had less filled grains per plant,which were 755.1、852.3 and 894.1,respectively.However,they had higher 1000-grain weight,which were 26.91 g,24.64 g and 24.89 g,respectively.Hence they tend to develop hybrid combinations with large grain and heavy panicle.The GCA of effective panicles per plant for R308,Huazhan and R998 was relatively higher,which were 5.40,4.51 and 2.22,respectively.Moreover,they also have high GCA value for seed setting rate and filled grains per plant.In regards of grain yield,the CMS lines Yangtai A and Wufeng A showed higher yield heterosis,which were 7.20 t/hm^(2) and 7.27 t/hm^(2) respectively.The general combining ability(GCA)of R308,Huazhan and Tianfeng A were also higher,which reached 8.42,4.68,and 3.84,respectively.For the four yield characteristics of seed setting rate,grain yield,effective number per plant and filled grains per plant,additive effect was the main contributing factor.However,the 1000-grain weight and heading date was mainly attributed to relatively higher dominance and/or epistasis effect.Strong specific combining ability(SCA)was found between parents with relatively low GCA for all the traits except seed setting rate.