不同烟田复种模式的经济效益比较研究

Comparative Study on the Economic Benefits of Different Multiple Cropping Rotation Modes in Tobacco Field

为探索适宜的烟田复种模式,促进烟农增收,实现烟草产业高质量发展,于2020—2021年在湖南省浏阳市达浒镇金田村设置烤烟—大豆、烤烟—水稻、烤烟—普通玉米、烤烟—鲜食玉米及烤烟—秋季休耕5种烟田复种模式,对两年内不同烟田复种模式下的作物产量、产值和生产投入成本等进行比较,并综合分析不同烟田复种模式的经济效益。结果表明:在烤烟—普通玉米、烤烟—鲜食玉米和烤烟—水稻复种模式下,2021年烟叶产量较2020分别提高10.42%、10.17%和23.57%,说明烟后复种玉米和水稻均能对烤烟连作障碍起到较好的缓解效果,从而提高烤烟产值。两年间,烟后复种大豆、水稻、普通玉米的产量和产值没有显著提高,2021年的年产值分别为14 546、22 238和21 380元/hm^(2);而鲜食玉米由于市场销路的打开,年产值较2020年增加51.31%。综合烤烟、烟后复种作物的效益以及成本考虑,本试验条件下,烤烟—鲜食玉米复种模式的综合经济效益最高。

In order to explore the suitable pattern of multiple cropping in tobacco field,promote the income increase of tobacco farmers and realize the high-quality development of tobacco industry,five types of tobacco field multiple cropping patterns,which were Tobacco-Soybean,Tobacco-Rice,Tobacco-Maize,Tobacco-Sweet corn and Tobacco-Autumn fallow,were set up inJintian Village,Dahu Town,Liuyang City,Hunan Province from 2020 to 2021.The crop yield,output value and production input cost under different tobacco field multiple cropping patterns in two years were compared,and the economic benefits of different tobacco field multiple cropping patterns were comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that under the multiple cropping modes of Tobacco-Maize,Tobacco-Sweet corn and Tobacco-Rice,the tobacco leaf yield of 2021 was 10.42%,10.17%and 23.57% higher than that of 2020.The results indicated that both maize and rice could alleviate the obstacles of tobacco continuous cropping and increase the output value of tobacco.In the two years,the yield and output value of post-tobacco replanting soybean,rice and maize did not increase significantly,the annual output value of which in 2021 was 14546,22238 and 21380 yuan/hm^(2),respectively.Due to the opening of the market of sweet corn,the annual output value increased by 51.31%compared with 2020.Considering the benefits and costs of tobacco and post-tobacco replanting crops,the Tobacco-Sweet corn multiple cropping had the highest comprehensive economic benefits under the experimental conditions.