制度环境、人力资本与出口产品质量提升

Institutional Environment,Human Capital and Quality Improvement of Export Products

本文将制度环境和人力资本引入“成本发现”模型,探讨了制度环境、人力资本对出口产品质量提升的影响机制,并利用1996~2014年145个国家的跨国面板数据测度其影响效应。研究结果表明:以政治稳定、政府效率、监管质量、法律规制、腐败治理所衡量的多维制度环境与出口产品质量呈现显著的正相关关系,人力资本对出口产品质量的影响则呈现U型特征,高中入学率对中低收入国家出口产品质量提升的影响更为明显,大学入学率对高收入国家出口产品质量提升的影响更为显著。人力资本在制度环境对出口产品质量提升的影响过程中起调节作用,人力资本水平越高的经济体的制度环境对出口产品质量提升的影响越小;人力资本水平越低的经济体的制度环境对出口产品质量提升的作用越大。该结论与制度环境的边际影响递减和人力资本的门槛作用有关,表明改善制度环境在低收入水平国家更具意义,而提高人力资本在高收入水平国家更为关键。

By introducing institutional environment and human capital into the“cost discovery”model,we explore the micro impact mechanism of institutional environment and human capital on the quality improvement of export products through enterprise innovation and imitation choice,and measure the impact effect by using the cross-border panel data of 145 economies from 1996 to 2014.The results show that:the multi-dimensional institutional environment measured by political stability,government effectiveness,regulatory quality,rule of law,and control of corruption has a significant positive correlation with the quality of export products,while the impact of human capital on the quality of export products presents a U shape,but it shows heterogeneity in countries with different income levels.Human capital plays a moderating role in the process of the impact of institutional environment on the quality improvement of export products.Economies with higher level of human capital have the smaller effect of their institutional environment on the quality improvement of export products;on the contraty,the institutional environment of an economy with a lower level of human capital plays a greater role in improving the quality of exports products.This is related to the diminishing marginal impact of institutional environment and the threshold role of human capital,which shows that improving institutional environment is more meaningful in low-income countries,and improving human capital is more critical in high-income countries.