近代国文教授法研究的开端--以刘师培《讲教授国文的法子》为中心

The Beginning of Research on Chinese Teaching Methodology in Modern China--Centered on Liu Shipei’s Talking about Teaching Methodology of Chinese

刘师培发表于1904年的文章——《讲教授国文的法子》,针对“国文”学科的识字、作文教学,进行了合乎教育理念和学科规律的颇具现代意义的指导。在“白话之盛行”政治理想的带动下,以及与当时教授法译介研究、民间教育实践和官方学制的互动呼应过程中,刘师培形成了自己对国文教育的理解。其别于时人的价值在于,明确限定了“国文”学科、明确限定了“国文”内容、科学指导“国文”教授、强调白话非只教学语言。作为价值同构的思想或体式,刘师培的国文教育理念同“五四”国语新文学主张一脉相承。国文教授对于国语文学的潜在影响主要体现在两个方面:一是国文教授法的传播,为国语文学的发生奠定了教育基础,创作群体、读者群体由此得以塑造;二是国文教授法所包含的启蒙与革命意识,促进了新文化人的觉醒和成长。

In 1904,Liu Shipei published his article Talking about Teaching Methodology of Chinese,which provided modern guidance in line with educational concepts and discipline rules for the teaching of literacy and composition in the "Chinese" discipline.Driven by the political ideal of "the prevalence of the vernacular",and in the process of interacting with the translation and research of teaching methodology, the practice of folk education and the official school system at that time, Liu Shipei formed his own understanding of Chinese education.The values that distinguish it from the people at that time are that it clearly defines the discipline of "Chinese" and the content of "Chinese",scientifically guides the teaching of "Chinese",and emphasizes that vernacular is not only a language of instruction.As an idea or style of value isomorphism, Liu Shipei’s philosophy of Chinese education is in the same line with the claims of the May Fourth New Chinese Literature.The potential influences of Chinese teaching on Chinese literature are mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the spread of Chinese teaching methodology lays an educational foundation for the occurrence of Chinese literature, thus shaping the creative group and readership;second, the enlightenment and revolutionary consciousness contained in the Chinese teaching methodology has promoted the awakening and growth of the new cultural people.