适于农田景观栽培的两类药用植物引种筛选研究

Introduction and Screening of Two Types of Medicinal Plants Suitable for Farmland Landscape Cultivation

[目的]筛选适宜北京农田景观应用的药用植物资源。[方法]以药用芍药和桔梗为试材,分别引种不同产区的资源品种,了解其形态特征和开花生育特性,研究其在农田景观应用中的适应性。[结果]栽培品种‘粉玉奴’整体观赏效果良好,具备观赏兼药用的潜力。‘川赤芍’适应性较差,可以作为育种资源的储备。通过田间调查观测,发现不同产区来源的桔梗种群在花期、株型、抗倒性、分枝性、株高等方面存在差异,可以划分为不同的种质类型。其中山西桔梗在花期、抗性表现等方面具有比较好的优势,在下一步农田景观应用中可以进行示范推广。[结论]该研究为北京地区景观农业持续健康发展提供了景观作物资源保障。

[Objective]The aim was to screen medicinal plant resources suitable for Beijing farmland landscape application.[Method]Taking medicinal Paeonia lactiflora and Platycodon grandiflorum as test materials,the resource varieties in different production areas were introduced to understand their morphological characteristics and flowering and growth characteristics,and study their adaptability in farmland landscape application.[Result]The overall ornamental effect of the cultivated variety‘Fenyunu’was good,and it had the potential of ornamental and medicinal.‘Chuanchishao’had poor adaptability and could be used as a reserve of breeding resources.Through field investigation and observation,it was found that there were differences in flowering period,plant type,lodging resistance,branching and plant height among Platycodon grandiflorum populations from different producing areas,which could be divided into different germplasm types.Platycodon grandiflorum in Shanxi had better advantages in flowering period,resistance and other aspects,which could be demonstrated and popularized in the next farmland landscape application.[Conclusion]The study provided resource guarantee for sustainable and healthy development of landscape agriculture in Beijing.