中国国家公园自然教育规划理念与框架

Nature Education Planning Conception and Framework of China's National Parks

中国已正式设立5处国家公园,自然教育直接响应国家公园三大理念,是联系国民和国家公园的最重要纽带,将成为国家公园设立后的重要工作之一,亟待构建相关规划框架。系统回顾了中国国家公园的自然教育规划探索和世界代表性国家的国家公园自然教育与生态体验发展历程,总结了其经验与不足。辨析了生态体验、自然教育的相关国际通用术语,提出中国国家公园自然教育的定义和内涵。在此基础上,提出中国国家公园自然教育三大规划理念、5点规划思路,提出了前置分析、生态体验规划、解说教育规划、管控规划和保障规划五大板块的规划流程及其技术方法。明晰了中国国家公园自然教育的性质和定位,提出了规划框架构想,对于政策制定、相关研究与实践具有借鉴意义。

China has officially established five national parks,and nature education directly responds to the three concepts of national parks.It is the most important link between nationals and national parks,and will become one of the important tasks after the establishment of national parks.Relevant planning framework urgently needs to be established.This article systematically reviews the development process of national park nature education and ecological experience in the representative countries of the world and China's exploration,and summarizes its experience and shortcomings.After analyzing the relevant international general terms of ecological experience and nature education,the definition and connotation of nature education in China's national parks are proposed.On this basis,three planning concepts and five planning ideas for nature education in China's national parks were put forward.The planning process and available technical methods for five major sections including pre-analysis,ecological experience planning,interpretative education planning,management and control planning,and guarantee planning are proposed.The study clarified the nature and definition of China's national park nature education,and proposed a planning framework concept,which has reference significance for policy formulation,and related research and practice.