长江流域自然保护地体系优化路径研究:基于国际大河流域对比分析

Research on the Optimization Path of Protected Area System in the Yangtze River Basin:Based on the Comparative Analysis of International Big River Basins

在“2020后全球生物多样性框架”制定和长江大保护国家重大战略需求下,有必要开展国际视野下的长江流域自然保护地体系优化研究。通过国际比较、空间荟萃分析、个案研究,基于“保护价值-人为干扰”分析框架,对全球大河流域自然保护优先度及自然保护地现状进行评价,筛选出亚马逊河、湄公河、育空河、多瑙河4个典型案例,剖析其自然保护地体系优化路径异同。研究发现:1)长江流域整体属于“高价值-高干扰”区域,局地存在较大空间差异;2)国际大河流域自然保护地体系的治理主体和途径存在普遍共性,但在空间优化模式和关键议题上存在显著差异。最后,从治理主体、驱动力、治理途径、空间优化模式、关键议题等方面提出长江流域自然保护地体系优化路径建议。

In the age of developing the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and the national major strategy of Yangtze River conservation,exploring the optimization of protected area system in the Yangtze River basin from an international perspective has become essential.Through international comparison,spatial meta-analysis and case studies,an analytical framework based on conservation value and human disturbance was established to evaluate the priority of nature conservation and current status of protected areas in the big river basins globally.Four typical cases were selected,including the Amazon,the Mekong,the Yukon and the Danube river basins,to analyze the similarities and differences of optimization paths of protected area system.This research revealed that:1)The Yangtze River basin as a whole belongs to the area of'high value-high interference',with large internal spatial differentiation;2)Similarities can be found in governance bodies and tools of protected area system in the international big river basins,while differences are showcased in spatial optimization models and key issues.Finallly the optimization path of protected area system in the Yangtze River Basin was proposed from five aspects of governance subject,driving force,governance tools,spatial optimization model,and key issues.