罗尔斯顿环境伦理观的双重逻辑线索

The Double Logical Threads of Rolston’s View of Environmental Ethics

罗尔斯顿关于自然内在价值理论的独特之处在于体现了双重逻辑线索:一条是“从自然到文化”为主题的逻辑线索,另一条是“从文化到自然”为主题的逻辑线索。这两条逻辑线索是相辅相成、彼此互补的,它也正是罗尔斯顿建构其环境伦理观的内在支撑。罗尔斯顿指出自然与文化是紧密相连、命运交织的,其信念是致力于论证自然与文化之间的互补性,其职责是致力于引导文化正确评价我们栖居的自然并保护自然价值。因此,全面厘清罗尔斯顿关于自然和文化二者内含的辩证关系,既要关注其对自然的文化透视,也要重视其对文化亲自然导向的哲学考量,更要从平衡自然价值与文化价值、培养亲自然的德性之爱和发挥人类的中介角色作用三方面洞悉其环境伦理观的实践转向——实现自然与文化的良性互动。但是,罗尔斯顿的环境伦理观也具有一定的空想色彩,他忽视了人类客观实践背景而沉陷在自己人为设计的自然价值论幻想中。

The uniqueness of Rolston’s theory of intrinsic value in nature is that it embodies double logical clues:one is the logical clue with the theme of“from nature to culture”,and the other is“from culture to nature”.These two logical threads,which complement each other,are also the internal support for Rolston’s environmental ethics.Rolston pointed out that nature and culture are closely linked and intertwined,and his belief is to demonstrate the complementarity between nature and culture,and his responsibility is to guide culture to correctly evaluate the nature we inhabit and protect its value.Therefore,to fully clarify the dialectical relationship between the connotation of nature and culture,we must pay attention to both its cultural perspective on nature,and its philosophical consideration of cultural pro-nature orientation,and more importantly,from the three aspects of balancing natural values and cultural ones,cultivating pro-nature moral love and playing the role of human intermediaries,we must understand the practical turn of his environmental ethics——to achieve the benign interaction between nature and culture.However,there is a touch of utopia idea in Rolston’s environmental ethics as he ignores the background of human objective practice and indulges into his own designed natural axiological fantasy.