美国建设国家战略人才力量的特色举措及启示

Characteristic measures and enlightenment of building national strategic talent force in the United States

战略人才力量对于国家科技创新发展和综合国力提升至关重要。长期以来,美国作为世界头号经济与科技强国,通过构建“高质准入、规范细化”的战略人才移民体系、“高投入度、宽覆盖面”的留学生资助与培养体系、“资源驱动、产学一体”的科研创新平台、“立足现实、面向未来”的重大挑战计划以及“职能匹配、多元立体”的评价激励体系等举措,在战略人才力量建设方面成绩斐然。新形势下,全球科技和人才竞争加剧,作为后发型国家,我国需立足本国实际,在学习借鉴美国有益经验的基础上,在战略人才力量建设的基本理念、战略布局、引进聘任、支持服务、激励评价等领域深化体制机制改革,为实现高水平科技自立自强提供强有力的战略人才支撑。

The strength of strategic talents is very important for the development of national scientific and technological innovation and the improvement of comprehensive national strength. For a long time, as the world’s No. 1 economic and technological power, the United States has taken such measures as building a "high-quality access, standardized and detailed" strategic talent immigration system, a "high investment and wide coverage" overseas student funding and training system, a "resource driven, production and learning integrated" scientific research innovation platform, a "reality based, future oriented" major challenge plan, and a "function matching, multi-dimensional" evaluation and incentive system, great achievements have been made in the construction of strategic talents. Under the new situation, the global competition for science and technology and talents is intensifying. As a late developing country, China needs to base itself on its own reality and, on the basis of learning from the useful experience of the United States, deepen the reform of systems and mechanisms in the fields of basic concepts of strategic talent force construction, introduction and appointment, support services, incentive evaluation, etc., so as to provide strong strategic talent support for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement.