知情同意中儿童自主权利问题的哲学考察

A Philosophical Examination of Children's Autonomy Rights to Life in Informed Consent

通过厘清近现代经典哲学理论中有关“儿童生命自主权”的论述,指出“儿童权利”概念和“儿童自主”概念并不对等和重合:前者在理论上得到确立,后者在实际情境中要求被限制。在知情同意的实践活动中,儿童自主权利问题始终绕不开父母权力及其责任问题。不论是“儿童自主权利”还是“父母权力”都有各自的内生性结构缺陷,因而需要引入“归予性自主”以及“共同体参与”概念作为理论支撑,并且在实践中应充分重视伦理委员会的主动承担职能作为对儿童自主受限性问题的必要现实补充。

By clarifying the discourses about"children's autonomous rights to life"in modern classical philosophical theories,this paper points out that the concept of"children's rights"and"children's autonomy"are not equivalent and overlapping:the former is established in theory,the latter is limited in practical situations.In the practice of informed consent,the issue of children's rights of autonomy has always been inseparable from the issue of parental rights and responsibilities.Both"children's rights of autonomy"and"parental power"have their own endogenous structural defects,thus the concepts of"ascriptive autonomy"and"community participation"need to be introduced as theoretical support,and in practice,ethics committees which is an active assuming functions as a necessary realistic complement to the problem of children's limited autonomy should be fully paid attention to.