神经技术读心及其伦理治理问题

Neurotechnical Mind-reading and Its Ethical Governance Issues

解码大脑的神经技术代表了一种当代读心术,原则上它赋予了解读隐藏在大脑中精神状态的能力。从伦理的视角看,技术读心比自然读心术更有风险。神经技术读心的伦理问题主要包括精神隐私问题、认知自由问题、大脑数据安全问题。等到读心技术成熟后再对其潜在的影响进行评估与讨论是不明智的,需要尽早在技术实验与技术应用中引入伦理治理框架。可以从承认神经权力、遵守知情同意原则、限制商业化大脑数据共享、建立政府为主导的监管方几个方面寻求具体的伦理治理之道。

Neurotechnology decoding the brain represents a contemporary form of mind-reading,which could read mental states hidden in the brain.From an ethical point of view,technical mind-reading is riskier than natural mind-reading.The ethical issues of neurotechnical mind-reading mainly include mental privacy,cognitive freedom and brain data security.It is too late to discuss and evaluate its potential impact until mind-reading technology is mature.Ethical governance framework needs to be applied into technology experimentation and application as soon as possible.Specific ethical governance can be sought from the recognition of neural right,the principle of informed consent,restrictions on commercial brain data sharing,and the establishment of government-led regulatory.