纤维多孔陶瓷的研究进展

Research progress of fibrous porous ceramic

纤维多孔陶瓷是利用黏结剂将随机分布的陶瓷纤维进行黏接,形成具有鸟巢形态的多孔材料,内部具有大量三维联通孔,其具有轻质、高气孔率、高比表面积、高效隔热的特性。纤维多孔陶瓷为飞行器提供良好热防护效果的同时,可明显减轻其质量,降低发射成本,是航天器大面积热防护系统极具潜力的候选材料。本文主要对近年来纤维多孔陶瓷材料有关纤维骨架、黏结剂、制备方法,以及其在性能优化等方面的研究工作进行了梳理、总结,展望纤维多孔陶瓷在多重热防护方式、集成化及工程化等方面的发展。

Fibrous porous ceramics with three-dimensional structure,constructed by random stacking chopped fibers and binders at crossover nodes,shows lightweight,high porosity and specific surface,high refractoriness.These important characteristics render them very suitable for large-area thermal protection system of spacecraft,which can greatly reduce its quality and costs,while providing well thermal protection for aircraft.Recently,many efforts have been made to improve mechanical property of fibrous porous ceramics.The types of fiber skeletons,binders,optimization of preparation methods,and the latest research progress were summarized.The multiple insulation mechanism,integration and engineering of fibrous porous ceramics were prospected.