康德实用人类学研究理路

Kant’s Research Approach of Pragmatic Anthropology

从自然的合目的性出发,康德论证了自然何以先验地授予人理性。人作为“理性的持有者”存在于自然系统中,必须遵从自然造物时所秉持的多样化法则。人可以经由理性获得自由意志,可以根据理性自由、创造性地发挥其灵巧禀赋以满足自身全部生存需求。人要在个体层面上利用多元主义思维方式去理解理性的先验内涵,将其施用于形色各异的认识和实践过程,要站在民族的立场上多样化地理解其他民族特有的民族个性。

Starting from the“purposiveness of nature”,Kant demonstrates why nature endows human reason a priori.Since human being exists in the natural system as the“holder of reason”,he has to follow the law of“variety”persisted by natural creation.Because not only can people obtain free will through reason,they can also freely and creatively exert their“predisposition of skill”to satisfy all their own survival needs.Therefore,people should not only utilize the thinking mode of“pluralism”to understand the transcendental connotation of reason at the individual level,and apply it to the process of understanding and practice in different forms,they must also stand on the national standpoint and diversify their understanding of the unique national characteristics of other nationalities.