农村宅基地治理的政策红利、实践成效及因素探析——基于山东省D县的“一户多宅”治理实践

Analysis on Policy Dividend,Practical Effect and Factors of Rural Homestead Governance——Based on the Management Practice of“One Family With Multiple Houses”in D County of Shandong Province

“一户多宅”不仅是“土地”问题治理,更是一项重要的农村基层治理议题。通过鲁西南D县4个村庄的实地调查,研究发现D县“一户多宅”治理在自上而下的增减挂钩的政策红利下迎来了新的发展阶段,形成了县级政府、乡镇政府、村级组织、土地发展集团等多元主体参与且多赢的行动者网络。不过,受限于村庄治理环境的复杂性,一体化的治理路径在村级层面却产生了差异化的效果。研究发现,这种差异背后主要源于两方面影响因素:一是预期收益和风险影响村级组织推进治理工作的积极性,二是村干部与少数关键村民之间的能力对比影响治理成效。D县在4个村庄的“一户多宅”治理实践体现了重视农村社会治理形势的复杂性。为此,本文建议开展农村社会治理,除了优惠的政策红利,还应在细微处下功夫,梳理顺畅基层中的动力阻力机制,以保障政策实践的预期效果。

“One family with multiple houses”is not only the“land”problem management,but also an important rural grassroots governance issue.Through the field survey of 4 villages in D County in Southwest Shandong,the study found that the governance of“one family with multiple houses”in D county has entered a new development stage under the policy dividend linked to the increase and decrease from top to bottom,and formed a multi-subject and multi-win actor network involving the county government,township government,village organization,land development group and other actors.However,limited by the complexity of the village governance environment,the integrated governance path has produced differentiated effects at the village level.The study found that there are two main factors behind this difference:first,it is the enthusiasm that anticipates income and risk influence village-level organization to advance management work;second,the ability contrast between village cadres and a few key villagers affects the effectiveness of governance.The governance practice of“one family with multiple houses”in 4 villages of County D reflects the complexity of rural social governance situation.Therefore,the study suggests that in addition to preferential policy dividends,efforts should also be made to smooth the dynamic resistance mechanism at the grassroots level in order to ensure the expected effect of policy practice.