从健康权角度看医疗救助的法治化

Legalization of Medical Aid System from the Perspective of the Right to Health

我国医疗救助制度经历了三个发展阶段,当前医疗救助制度在法治化方面存在重大不足,其问题的核心在于缺乏权利与逻辑支撑。应当以健康权作为医疗救助法治构建的底层逻辑,从健康权的平等性和保护弱势者权益的双重价值取向、健康权的消极性与积极性的双重内涵属性、健康资源的有限性和对健康资源的合理分配角度来理解医疗救助法治的意义。以此为基础,应对医疗救助法律规范体系进行结构性重塑,在将来的《医疗保障法》中完善医疗救助规范体系,并与其他法律相衔接。对于医疗救助立法的具体规范内容,应当注意救助对象的范围和确认程序、救助费用的保障范围和救助水平以及救助筹资的问题。对于医疗救助的司法救济,应当在立法中明确规定公民对于医疗救助决定不服的,有权提起行政给付诉讼。

After three-stage development,the medical aid system in China still has significant deficiencies in legalization,due to the lack of legislative and logical basis.It is essential to take the right to health as the fundamental logic of the medical aid law,and understand the significance of the legalization of medical aid from the equality of the right to health,the dual value orientation of the protection of the vulnerable,the dual implications of the right to health in the negative and positive aspects,the limitation of health resources,as well as the justified allocation of health resources.Based on the considerations above,the legal system of medical aid should be stipulated in the upcoming“Medical Security Law”,and in coordination with other laws.The law should focus on the authentication procedure of recipients,the coverage and level of aid scheme,and the financing arrangements.Judicial review should be clearly stipulated in the legislation that citizens who are not satisfied with the decision of medical aid have the right to file an administrative payment lawsuit.