嵌入供应链的中国农民专业合作社治理结构选择

Governance Structure Selection of Chinese Farmers’Specialized Cooperatives Embedded in Supply Chain

当前我国农民专业合作社迎来了数量增长的新高峰,合作社通过提升农民的组织化程度,促进了小农户与现代农业发展的有机衔接。为探索合作社生产稳定、市场广阔的长效发展之路,课题组实地调研获取相关数据,以研究嵌入供应链的中国农民专业合作社最优治理结构问题。基于产业特征,建立研究假设,选取合作社2016年销售总收入作为产出指标,选取固定资产、成员数、其他投入作为投入指标,运用数据包络分析法(DEA法)对合作社的效率进行测量,发现嵌入供应链初端的苹果合作社和嵌入供应链中端的水稻合作社最优治理结构都是偏劳动分配的经典型,而嵌入供应链高端的原奶、茶叶合作社最优治理结构是偏资本分配的北美型。使用测量出的合作社综合效率值建立Tobit模型分析其影响因素,认为合作社应根据自身嵌入供应链的阶段选择适宜治理结构的内部优化治理结构推力机制,建立社会各方面助推合作社优化治理结构的拉力机制。

At present,farmers'specialized cooperatives in China have reached a new peak of growth in number.The cooperatives promote the connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development through improving the organization of farmers.With data from the field research,this paper studies the optimal governance structure of Chinese farmers' specialized cooperatives embedded in the supply chain in order to promote the long‑term development of the cooperatives with stable production and broad market.Taking the total sales revenue of the cooperatives in 2016 as the output index,and the fixed assets,the number of members,and other inputs as input indexes,this paper formulated a research hypothesis based on the industry characteristics and examined the efficiency of the cooperatives with the Data Envelopment Analysis approach.It is concluded that the optimal governance structures of the apple cooperatives embedded in the early stage of the supply chain and the rice cooperatives embedded in the middle stage of the supply chain are both classic ones inclining to labor distribution,while the optimal governance structure of the raw milk and the tea cooperatives embedded in the high‑end of the supply chain is of North American type inclining to capital distribution.Then,a TOBIT model was established with the measured comprehensive efficiency value of the cooperatives to analyze its influencing factors.Finally,based on the above conclusions,it proposes that cooperatives establish a thrust mechanism of stage‑specific governance structure selection,through which the cooperatives select the optimal governance structure based on which stage of the supply chain they are embedded in.