矿砂运输船货物液化对船舶稳性的影响及对策

Impact of Cargo Fluidization on Stability of Ore Carrier and Countermeasures

在矿砂运输船航行过程中,受主机振动和波浪中船体运动的影响,其载运的镍矿砂等易流态化货物会出现液化现象,导致船舶的稳性变差,严重时会导致船舶倾覆。对此,在查阅相关资料的基础上,以一艘57500载重吨镍矿散货船为例,采用规范给出的计算方法对货物液化情况下的船舶稳性进行分析,并通过在货舱区设置双壳找到满足稳性和强度要求的镍矿最优装载方法。通过分析可知:当镍矿为全流态化时,可采用隔舱装载方式,并尽可能地提高装载率,以减小自由液面;当镍矿为非完全流态化时,可在舱室靠近两舷位置处设置隔板,以满足稳性和结构强度的要求。此外,分别针对矿砂运输船的设计和矿砂液化之后船舶可采取的应急响应措施提出建议。

In the course of ore transportation,cargo fluidization may occur due to the vibration of the main engine and the excitation of the ship motion in the waves,which affects the stability of the ship and,in serious cases,it may cause the ship to capsize.On the basis of the relevant data and specifications,this paper takes a 57500 DWT nickel ore bulk carrier as an example to analyze the stability of the vessel with fluidized cargo by using the calculation method specified by ship design standards.Setting double shells in the cargo hold area is proposed to meet the requirements of stability and strength.The analysis shows that for full fluidization,the nickel ore should be loaded in alternate holds,and make the loading rate as high as possible to reduce the free liquid surface.In the case of partial fluidization,the stability and structural strength requirements can be satisfied by using block-plates at the two sides of the holds.Some suggestions are put forward concerning the design of ships carrying fluidizable ore and the contingency measures for ships handling ore fluidization.