居民家庭消费碳排放核算方法综述

A Review of Researches on Measuring Carbon Emissions from Household Consumption

对排放清单法、投入产出法、消费者生活方式法和生命周期评价法等4种常见的居民家庭消费碳排放核算方法进行概述,对比分析这4种方法的应用场景、优缺点和应用现状,为居民家庭消费领域的碳排放研究提供参考。研究发现:联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会提出的排放清单法是核算居民家庭消费碳排放中的直接碳排放的主要方法,所得结论的可靠性相对较高;对于间接碳排放的核算,需根据研究的侧重点、数据获取的难易程度等选择合适的方法;目前国内有关居民家庭消费碳排放核算方法的研究较少,大多直接借鉴国外的研究成果,没有形成统一的符合我国实际情况的方法,建议有关单位加大研究投入,构建自有方法体系。

Adopting proper method of measuring carbon emission is of great significance to the research on carbon emission in household field.In order to provide general knowledge of relevant researches,this paper reviews four main methods recognized by the academic circles in calculating carbon emissions from household consumption,conducting comparative analysis of these methods in application scenarios,advantages,disadvantages,and application status.The results indicate that:The emission list method proposed by IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)is most commonly used to calculate the direct carbon emissions generated in household field,and its conclusion is relatively authoritative;Regarding indirect carbon emissions,it is necessary to select the most appropriate methods according to the focus of specific research and the availability of the data;There are few theoretical innovations in China in related fields,as a result,presently there is still no unified method and theory suitable for China's national conditions and in the future,more efforts need to be made in this area.