活动区与材料区:游戏空间规划的来“龙”与去“脉”

Activity Area and Material Area: the “Ins” and “Outs” of Kindergarten Playing Space Planning

游戏是幼儿园的基本活动。游戏空间是幼儿园游戏的基础。活动区是幼儿园践行此种游戏理念的实践产物。然而,随着实践探索的深入,活动区虽然坚持以“儿童视角”为主导视角,但是其空间布局的日益碎片化、功能指向的渐趋特异性以及材料对空间的依附性越来越强,这在不同程度上制约了幼儿游戏的自由开展。为把游戏真正还给幼儿,目前我国幼儿园出现了以“材料区”形式向幼儿提供游戏材料与空间的探索。这种“材料区”主要遵循“儿童的视角”,力图通过空间布局的模块化、游戏材料的独立及其功能指向的开放与多元化,为幼儿自主性、主动性、积极性、生产域和自由度等生命特征的充分发挥与实现提供可能。材料区的出现丰富了幼儿园游戏空间的实践样态。幼儿园应在综合考虑自身各方面条件与资源的基础上,选择适宜本园的游戏空间形式,它既可以是活动区,也可以是材料区,还可以是活动区和材料区不同比重的混合样态。

In order to fulfil the notion of“play as the basic activity”,ensuring the time and quality of kindergarten plays is necessary.Planning playing space is the practical starting point for kindergarten plays.Based on the present practice exploration,playing space can be classified into two forms,one is activity area which appears relatively early and another material area which appears recently.From the perspective of education space,these two forms have some differences in degree on the four dimensions of spatial arrangement,material status,functional directivity and space subject.Material area would grow gradually into the important orientation of playing space in kindergarten for it provides better chance for children to play freely.But kindergartens should still consider their education ideal and resources to determine which area form is more appropriate for their children.