家庭居住方式在家庭教养行为对幼儿依赖行为影响中的调节作用

The Moderating Role of Family Residential Styles in the Influence of Family Parenting Behavior on Preschool Children’s Dependent Behavior

儿童早期的依赖行为水平能够预测其成年期的依赖性,成人应尽早帮助儿童克服依赖性,发展独立性,为此有必要全面而深入地探索影响幼儿依赖行为的因素。本研究采用问卷调查法,主要考察了家庭教养行为与幼儿依赖行为的关系以及幼儿与祖辈、父辈居住方式在其中的调节作用。结果显示,虽然当前幼儿的依赖行为总体来说并不严重,但其依赖行为中,生活起居依赖最为严重,其次是问题解决依赖。相比较而言,与祖辈同住的幼儿依赖行为水平最高,其次是与祖辈—父辈共同居住的幼儿,与父辈同住的幼儿依赖行为水平最低。无论哪种居住方式,男孩的依赖行为水平都显著高于女孩。随着年龄增长,幼儿的依赖行为水平逐渐降低,且年龄差异显著。家庭教养行为与幼儿依赖行为之间存在显著相关,家长的社交鼓励行为能负向预测幼儿的依赖行为,家长的管教约束行为则能正向预测幼儿的依赖行为。居住方式在互动交流、社交鼓励两种家庭教养行为对幼儿依赖行为的影响中具有调节作用,在祖辈—父辈共住的家庭,家长与幼儿的互动交流越好,幼儿的依赖行为没有像在其他两种居住方式下那样相应地越少,同时家长的社交鼓励对幼儿依赖行为的显著负向影响也没有其他两种居住方式大。为预防和减少幼儿的依赖行为,家长应进一步优化自己的教养行为,尤其是祖辈—父辈与幼儿同住家庭应加强祖辈与父辈的沟通,避免教养冲突,发挥共同教养合力,把握幼儿独立行为发展的年龄特征,在特别注意引导男孩克服依赖行为的同时,促进所有幼儿独立性的逐步提高。

The level of children’s dependent behavior can predict their dependence when they grow up.This study used the questionnaire method to investigate the relationship between family parenting behavior and children’s dependent behavior,and the moderating effect of family residential arrangements.The results show that the total level of children’s dependent behavior is not high,but their score on the living dependence dimension is relatively highest.Residence styles affect significantly children’s dependent behavior.Children living with their grandparents have the highest level of dependent behavior,followed by those living with their grandparents and parents together,and those living with their parents.There is a significant correlation between parenting behavior and children’s dependent behavior.Adults’social encouragement negatively predicts children’s dependent behavior,while discipline restraint positively predicts children’s dependent behavior.The residence style has a moderating role in the influences of parenting behaviur such as interpersonal communication and social encouragement on children’s dependent behavior.When children live only with their parents or grandparents,the parenting behaviur such as interpersonal communication and social encouragement negatively predicts children’s dependent behavior,but when children co-reside with their parents and grandparents together,such effect is not significant.Parents and grandparents should co-operate to help children decrease dependence and develop autonomy.