抗白叶枯病弱感光型杂交稻恢复系广恢1002的选育与应用

Breeding and Application of Restorer Guanghui 1002 with Weak Photoperiod Sensitivity and Bacterial Blight Resistance in Hybrid Rice

培育和推广抗病抗逆性强的弱感光型迟熟水稻品种,对于充分发挥华南稻区中南部晚造后期良好的光温资源优势提高晚稻产量和品质具有十分重要的意义。综合利用常规育种与分子育种技术,将显性广谱抗白叶枯病基因Xa7和互作感光基因LP1(LH2)、LP2(LH2)聚合至恢复系中,培育出具有互作感光特性的抗白叶枯病迟熟恢复系广恢1002。利用该恢复系组配育成的吉丰优1002、泰优1002等7个抗白叶枯病迟熟高产杂交稻通过国家或省级品种审定。其中,吉丰优1002不仅高产稳产,而且抗病、抗倒性强,适应性广,被农业农村部认定为超级稻,是广东省农业主导品种,已连续5年成为华南地区年推广面积最大的弱感光型品种;泰优1002米质优,在第三届全国优质稻品种食味鉴评中获金奖,已大面积推广应用,也是广东省农业主导品种。针对广恢1002系列杂交稻的特征特性,制订其在广东和海南的高产制种技术措施,创造了吉丰优1002在海南制种4.59~4.97 t/hm2的高产制种记录。探讨了抗白叶枯病杂交稻的育种策略和提高互作感光型迟熟恢复系选育效率的方法。

It is of significance to develop and promote late-maturing rice varieties with weak sensitivity to photoperiod for bringing the potential of light and temperature resources into full play at the late growing stage,and enhancing the yield and the grain quality of rice in the late cropping season in South China.By using both traditional breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection to pyramid Xa7,the dominant and wide-spectrum resistant gene of bacterial blight,LP1(LH1)and LP2(LH2),the complementary gene inducing photoperiod sensitivity,a late-maturing restorer line Guanghui 1002(R1002)with bacterial blight resistance and the characteristic of weak sensitivity to photoperiod induced by gene interaction.And seven late-maturing high yielding hybrid rice varieties,such as Jifengyou 1002 and Taiyou 1002 derived from the restorer line R1002,were developed and approved for commercial production at national level or provincial level.Among them,Jifengyou 1002 not only had high and stable yield,but also had strong diseases and lodging resistance and wide adaptability.It was recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as a Super Rice variety and the leading agricultural variety in Guangdong Province,and has been the weakly photoperiod-sensitive variety with the largest annual planting area for 5 consecutive years in South China.Taiyou 1002 had fine grain quality,and won the gold prize in the third national taste evaluation of high-quality rice varieties.It also has been widely grown in South China,and became a leading variety in Guangdong Province.Based on the characteristics of the R1002-derived hybrid rice varieties,the high-yield seed production techniques in Guangdong and Hainan were worked out,and a record of 4.59-4.97 t/hm2 of seed production was created for Jifengyou 1002 in Hainan.Strategies for breeding hybrid rice varieties with bacterial blight resistance and enhancing the efficiency of breeding restorer lines with photoperiod sensitivity and longer growth duration were discussed.