职业女性生育母职惩罚的困境与破解--兼论三孩生育政策的推动

The Dilemma and Solution of Motherhood Penalty of Career Women--Also on the Promotion of the Three-child Policy

第七次人口普查数据证明,中国已经掉入“超低生育率陷阱”。面对中国人口、经济、社会形势的新变化与新挑战,党中央在中央政治局会议上决定实施三孩生育政策及其配套支持措施。三孩生育政策的推出具有重大的经济和社会意义,但是,在当前的社会环境下,女性既是重要的人力资源,同时也是生育的主体力量,往往因身兼母职而在职场中饱受歧视,这不仅影响了女性在劳动力市场的竞争,还抑制了其生育意愿,从而不利于三孩生育政策的推行。因此,基于中国三孩生育政策的时代背景,可从职业女性在生育中的母职惩罚困境出发,结合域外消除职业女性母职惩罚的相关经验和措施,以及我国现有的生育支持政策的实践与困境,从生育友好型的视角来探讨如何破解职业女性的母职惩罚,突围生育困境。

The data from the seventh census prove that China has fallen into the"ultra-low fertility trap".In the face of new changes and challenges in China's population,economy and social situation,the CPC Central Committee held a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and decided to implement the three-child policy with its supporting measures.The policy is of great economic and social significance,but in the current social environment,women,as human resources,are the main body of fertility.They always suffer discrimination in the workplace because of motherhood,which affects the women in the labor market and inhibits their fertility intentions,thus conducive to the implementation of three-child policy.Therefore,this article analyses the three-child policy,the dilemma of motherhood penalty,the experience and measures in other countries,and the practice and difficulties of the current fertility supporting policy in the existing support policy with difficulty,and explores solutions.