运动条件螺旋管内流动换热特性研究

Research on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Helical-coiled Tube under Motion Condition

基于运行空间、安全性等因素考虑,海洋核动力系统多采用一体化小型反应堆设计,螺旋缠绕管式蒸汽发生器由于结构紧凑、热效率高等优点而广泛应用于海上反应堆系统。在海洋条件下运行时,反应堆蒸汽发生器的流动和换热特性受运动条件影响而产生非线性改变。本研究通过开展海洋条件下自然循环系统螺旋管二次侧流动换热特性试验,揭示了典型海洋条件对螺旋管内单相流动阻力和流动换热特性的影响规律。结果表明:横摇运动对自然循环及流动换热的影响较为显著;基于二次开发的RELAP5程序对试验回路进行建模计算,通过与试验值的对比验证了此程序对海洋条件下反应堆建模计算的可行性。

Natural circulation technology and helical-coiled tube steam generator are widely adopted in marine nuclear power system design due to the inherent safety feature of natural circulation and high heat transfer coefficient of helical-coiled steam generator.The unique structural characteristics of helical-coiled pipe causes some special phenomena such as secondary flow effect inside the tube,and the heat transfer characteristics are more complicated than those in circular pipe.Under the environment of ocean motion,flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics of the fluid inside the helical tube will also change significantly under the influence of the nonlinear additional force.Thus relevant research is necessary to clarify the influence of ocean motion to the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside helical tube.Based on this background,a natural circulation system experiment loop under ocean motion was built,and the research on the natural circulation characteristics of the system and heat transfer characteristics of helical tube under ocean conditions was conducted in this paper.Firstly,experiment of single phase flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the helical tube under a variety of typical single and coupling ocean motions was conducted.The results show that driving force of natural circulation drops under inclination movement,and the steady flow rate and pressure drop are less than those of static condition,flow resistance coefficient under inclination condition is slightly lower than static condition.The influence of trim on the natural circulation capacity of the system is greater than that of heel.Average heat transfer characteristics inside the helical tube under ocean conditions were studied furtherly,it is found that the heat transfer capacity along the side near the central axis is significantly weaker than that along the side far from the central axis,which can be 2-4 times lower rolling motion,declines the average heat transfer coefficient of helical tube while pitching motion promotes it.An empirical relation of heat transfer coefficient in helical tube under ocean motion was established based on experimental data,and the error between the experimental value and predicted value is less than 10%.The influence of ocean motion on the occurrence point of natural circulation flow instability was studied,results show that inclination movement can make the occurrence of natural circulation flow instability ahead.Geometric model of the experimental loop was built employing a marine condition system analysis code based on RELAP5 code,and the transient simulation of rolling motion was carried out.Calculation results are in good agreement with the flow rate and pressure drop experiment data,which verifies the reliability of the program applied to natural circulation system analysis under ocean motion.Results of this study can offer reference for natural circulation analysis of floating and marine reactors and performance evaluation and design of helical-coiled tube steam generator under ocean condition,and also provide data support for the development of related analysis code.