稻壳碳硅材料的制备及其电化学应用

Preparation and Electrochemical Application of Rice Husk Carbon/Silicon Materials

稻壳(Rice Husk,RH)是一种来源丰富并满足可持续发展要求的生物质材料,富含大量的碳、硅元素。通过高温热解、物理化学活化等方法进行预处理后,添加无机酸、无机碱或无机盐类优化其表面性质并控制其孔道结构,可制得性能优异的碳硅材料。对碳硅材料进行预分离和酸处理后可制备二氧化硅,制得的二氧化硅进一步在铝热或镁热体系中进行还原,可制得纳米级硅材料。稻壳碳硅材料在工业中具有广泛的应用,重点介绍其电化学领域的应用,包括超级电容器、锂离子电池负极、碳铅电池负极、电化学氧还原反应催化剂。

Rice husk(RH)is a kind of biological waste meeting the requirements of sustainable development,which is rich in carbon and silicon.Carbon materials with excellent properties can be prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis,physical or chemical activation.Through adding inorganic acids,bases or salts can optimize their surface properties and control their pore structures.Silicon dioxide can be prepared by pre separation or acid treatment of carbon-silicon compound,and by further reduction in aluminothermic or magnesium thermal systems,nanometer silicon can be prepared.These materials from rice husk are widely used in industry.In the field of electrochemistry,they are mostly used to improve the capacitance performance of supercapacitors,or to reduce the volume expansion of lithium-ion battery cathode caused by long-term circulation.Slow down the sulfation of carbon lead battery cathode and as a substitute for Pt metal in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction system,to solve the problems of high cost,scarcity and poisoning of Pt metal is also its application field.Further modification and improvement of the carbon/silicon material from rice husk will make it a cost-effective industrial raw material.