复合固体推进剂力学性能调控方法研究进展

Research progress on regulation method in mechanical properties of composite solid propellant

复合固体推进剂是运载火箭和导弹动力源的重要组成部分,在贮存、使用过程中,将受到一系列载荷和热应力的冲击,对复合固体推进剂的力学性能有较高要求。根据复合固体推进剂组分和结构特点,从粘合剂体系网络结构、固体填料和固体填料与粘合剂基体界面性质三方面综述了近年来复合固体推进剂力学性能调控方法的研究进展,介绍了粘合剂预聚物相对分子质量和官能度分布、固化参数、增塑比、扩链剂含量、固体填料含量、粒度和形貌等设计参数对复合固体推进剂力学性能的影响,以及不同类型键合剂对粘合剂-基体界面结构的应用范围和作用机理。指出了未来改善复合固体推进剂力学性能的一些技术途径,相关原材料合成和修饰技术的发展是实现复合固体推进剂力学性能大幅度突破的基础。

Composite solid propellant is one of the most important parts of the power source in the launch vehicle and missile,which is impacted by a series of loads and thermal stresses during storage and use.Therefore,the mechanical properties of the pro-ellant need meet the high requirement.According to the component and structural characteristics,the research progress of mechani-cal properties regulation methods of composite solid propellant in recent years was reviewed from three aspects,including binder ma-trix network structure,solid fillers,and interface properties between solid fillers and binder matrix.The effects of designed parame-ters on the mechanical properties of propellant were analyzed,such as relative molecular mass and the mechanical properties of the propellant need meet functionality distribution of binder prepolymer,curing parameters,plasticizer ratio,the content of chain ex-tender,content,granularity,and morphology of solid fillers.The application region and mechanism of different bonding agents were illustrated,and finally the technical approaches to improve the mechanical properties of composite solid propellants in the future were prospected.The development of synthesis and modification technologies of the related raw materials is the basis for realizing great breakthrough of the mechanical properties of the propellants.